Status or Condition as Actus Reus

  • Mere status or appearance of status does not meet actus reus, as there is no proof of a vuluntary act necessitating/creating such status.
    • Robinson v. California
  • Mere status does not necessitate actus reus, but conduct performed while under a condition may satisfy actus reus.
    • Powell v. Texas
  • The conduct associated with status (e.g., barring use of blankets, pillows, and cardboard boxes while sleeping in a city being actions associated with homelessness) may satisfy actus reus.
    • Grant's Pass v. Johnson