Possession as Actus Reus

People v. Gory

  • Model Penal Code § 2.01(4)—Requirement of Voluntary Act: 
    • Possession:
      • (4) Possession is an act, within the meaning of this Section, if the possessor knowingly procured or received the thing possessed or was aware of the possession...
    • The instant you learn about something in your possession, you don't instantly come to criminally possess it. Instead, you must have more time knowing you possess it.
  • For possession to satisfy actus reus, ∆ must have knowledge of the presence of the item, and must exercise dominion and control over it.
    • Basic idea: once you know that you possess something, if you continue to possess it, then you exercise dominion and control over it and satisfy the actus reus of possession.
    • NOTE: mere possession without knowledge is NOT a voluntary act.