Trump v. Mazars

  • Congress's attempt to subpoena Trump's personal records
  • Introduced a four-part framework for congressional subpoenas for personal, non-official records of a sitting President:
    1. Availability of Other Sources
      • Congress may not demand the President's information if other sources could reasonably provide the sought information.
      • The President cannot be used "merely as a case study."
    2. Scope of the Subpoena
      • The subpoena must be no broader than reasonably necessary to support Congress's legislative objective.
    3. Evidence of Legislative Purpose
      • Congress must clearly identify its aims and explain why the President's specific information will advance the consideration of that legislation.
      • Courts must scrutinize this justification.
    4. Burden on the President
      • Courts must assess the burden that the subpoena imposes on the President's time and attention.