McDonald v. City of Chicago

Effect: incorporation of the 2nd Amendment
Reasoning:

For rights to be incorporated in the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause, they must be fundamental to the U.S.'s unique society and history—not necessarily all civilized societies.
- E.g., the rights to a jury trial and against self-incrimination are inherently unique to the U.S.
In this case, the 2nd Amendment's protection of firearm ownership rights was deemed fundamental and incorporated.